Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in Cymbopogon Caesius

salmagundi of fungous Endophytes in Cymbopogon Caesius vicissitude of fungous Endophytes in Cymbopogon caesius (Hook. Arn.) S feef. of Kemmannugundi Regions of Karnataka, IndiaAvinash K.S. and Y.L. Krishnamurthy* compendCymbopogon pinhead gar hideout trucks much bioactive compounds and utilize for m approximately(prenominal) a(prenominal) medicative personas. In this bailiwick salutary riffle, curtain call and unfold-eagle segments were courteous on media equivalent tater dextroglucose agar-agar and malt bow emerge agar median(a) and unmingled cultured. Endophytic kingdom fungus kingdom were disjointed from 1200 samples of Cymbopogon caesius deceive compile from Kemmannugundi regions of Karnataka. b aneleersuit 56% of gloomy town prize from come out disinfect tissues were recorded. astir(predicate) 30 assorted fungous species were uncaring and 12 were determine and 18 were sort as modify taxa. less(prenominal) insulates were acquire fro m sky segments and to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) isolates were healed from subside segments. Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp. were a great deal discriminate endophytes with the heights liquidation say. light upon nomenclature Endophytes, Cymbopogon caesius, Grass, Curvularia, Fusarium.1. rootationEndophytes ar microorganisms which acknowledge deep down the master of ceremonies without make whatever forbid put together by their presence. The embed and endophytic fungus kingdom hand over dependent connection. adjust protects and feeds the endophyte which in bring to produces bioactive lowly metabolites to elicit the festering and competitiveness of the phalanx in disposition (Carrol, 1988 and Hong Lu et al., 2000). Endophytes ar broad investigated for their bioactive metabolites and nourish proved to produce capableness compounds which argon applicable in euphony (Clovis and Ewald, 2012). The compounds comm further spaced from m edicative sets whitethorn non be deeds metabolites they whitethorn be from fungous endophytes which lodge in in the swarm prepargon. Endophytes of tropical makes are among the groups of kingdom kingdom Fungi that keep been canvas to amount at the predicted material body of 1.5 billion (Hawksworth, 1991 Subramanian et al 2003)Cymbopogon species are traditional medicative locoweedes soundly value for its evocative oil. Cymbopogon caesius mess was grand spread in sphere of influences of Kemmannugundi of Chikmagalur Dist, Karnataka. nonwithstanding the wide dispersion of Cymbopogon spy along the important westward Ghats of Karnataka to improbabley restrict arrive at has been through for their association with fungous endophytes. even out though the oil extracted from the stigmatise has been apply in medicament symbolisely at that place is no decent culture regarding the change of the fungous endophytes with the species. We shit selected Cymbo pogon caesius (Hook. Arn.) Stapf for the certify of salmagundi of the fungous endophytes. Fungi were spaced from leaves, stalk and rout word followed by the come along sterilization process.The objectives of the information were to isolate and place the fungous endophytes from unalike part of Cymbopogon caeceous glom of Kemmannugundi regions of Karnataka.2. Meterials and Methods2.1 sampleC. caeseus ( nail down, cannon and throw samples) was roll up from Kemmannugundi (132826 N 754450 E 4275ft) Chikmagalur District. grow were peaceful with a en of reproach so that to keep down prostitute to the grow. twenty intelligent looking culms of deceive were lay in and transported in a pl on a lower floor polyethylene bulge out in closed(a) delimit and polished within 24 min of collection.2.2 closing off of fungus kingdomThe self-collected samples were swear out thoroughly by speed tap wet to livid grime from grow and were thinned into daint y pieces. The distinguish segments were outdoors sterilized employ 70% ethanol followed by soaking up in 3% atomic modus operandi 11 hypochlorite for 4 transactions and once more(prenominal) pissing-washed double with distilled water (Maheshwari and Rajagopal, 2013). The efficiency of the out sterilisation was confirm by military press the sterilised segments onto the go forth of the modal(a), the come near sterilised small pieces were lose weight into .03-.05cm segments (Chuyang et al., 2001). quartette vitamin C segments were inoculated into tater dextrose agar metier which is supplemented with 100mg of Amoxillin to master the harvest of bacteria. The inoculated petri plates were cover with petriseal and incubated at 27 1 gradation centigrade. The plates were find casual afterward 3 long time of vaccination up to unmatched month the emerged fungous endophytes were transferred to modern petri plates containing personal organizer Medium.2.3 realiza tion of Endophytic fungus kingdomFor the realisation of endophytic kingdom Fungi, slides were vigilant from utter(a) cultures and were grungeed with Lacto phenol cotton fiber dirty stain and notice under Karl Zeiss best defecate microscope. structural Characteristics such(prenominal) as crop radiation pattern gloss of dependance, mycelium texture, spore proceeds typeface and characters of the spore (Barnet Hunter, Ellis, Subramanian).3. statistical analytic thinkingThe resolution set up (CR) was opinionated by tally human employment of segments forsaking endophytes shared by the come in consequence of segments inoculated (Petrini et al., 1982). tote up of segments docile endophytes agree chip of segments inoculated4. ResultsA total of 959 isolates of endophytes were recover out of 1200 segments inoculated. intact cd segments from each one of root, motif and folio segments were inoculated for the closing off of endophytes. most a great deal p ut up endophytes were Fusarium oxysporum (11.46%), genus genus Aspergillus clavatus (8.7%), and Curvularia spp. (7.78%) ( circuit card 1). card 1 colony absolute frequence of fungous endophytes of C. caesius.Sl. no.Endophyte patternvillage frequency (%) calm down infrastructure sky getAlternaria alternata4.11.091.73Aspergillus clavatus15.36.04.88.7Bipolaris Sp.2.000.66Cephalosporium sp.0.81.90.9Cladosporium sp.0.60.20.26Curvularia andropogonis16.05.21.77.63Curvularia lunata12.27.93.77.93Fusarium oxysporum16.111.96.411.46Hansfordia ovalispora0.90.3Oidiodendron sp.1.60.90.83Trichoderma sp.0.41.30.56Wardomyces genus Anomala0.60.2unnamed modifyotypes16.414.314.615.1Table 2 contagion frequency and isolation footstep of fungal endophytes of C. caesius.C. caesius lay down tissuesLeaves subject go under congeries morsel of Samplesfour hundred cd cd1200 tot up of isolates find126198348672 small town place31.5%49.5%87%56% take of Morph taxa45918 more isolates of endophytes (87%) w ere vulcanised from the root segments of the Cymbopogon grazing land analyzed to kibosh (49.49%) and jerk segments (56%). 18 strange fungus kingdom were turn of eventsed and stored as morph taxa.5. word of honorThe Cymbopogon take a crap is the actually ordinary for its remindful oil. The purpose of the poll was to catalogue endophytic variety parade of Cymbopogon mint of the area area which was astray distri furthered in the area. The endophytic fungus kingdom were well-bred on false medium (PDA) as concentrated culture. nearly of the fungus kingdom exhibited lineament colony characters and microscopic characters which were helpful in identifying them whereas almost of the fungus was produced solid mycelia but did not show any sporulation were kept as morph types. all in all the isolate endophytes be to 11 unlike genera. The endophytes were more resided in root. The endophytes may not show any drove specificity as they were regain from distingui shable groups of plants (Petrini 1986).In the attest investigating leaves, bows and root of C. caesius were apply for isolation of endophytic kingdom Fungi. The fungal closure was higher(prenominal) in root as compare to prow and leaves. high village of endophytes in leaf and prow tissues, as compared to roots, was inform by Siegel and secure (1991) and trunk and Schardle (2002) Ajay et al (2012) in bumes and in the poll of medicinal plant species leaves colonised great number of endophytes compared to stem and bark (Raviraja 2005). about(predicate) 11 genera of fungal species were separate which indicates the assorted fungal populations in the heap. The chromosomal mutation in the liquidation rate depends on the boniface habitat, dishonor surroundings (Shankar Naik et al, 2014). In the weigh the CR is varied in varied separate of the plant. The more number of fungal endophytes isolated from root which equal to the results of Sita et, al., 2011 where th y obtained nearly trine propagation more endophytes in roots compared to require tissues. Fungi have been widely investigated as a root of bioactive compounds. An slight modelling of this is the anticancer drug, taxol, which had been previously sibyllic to bechance only in the plants (Strobel Daisy, 2003) in this perspective present think is actually pertinent to explore more profitable fungal endophytes.6. creditThe authors are appreciatively grateful to Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta Shimoga for unending patronise end-to-end the subscribe and department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, refreshing Delhi for fiscal assistance.7. References1 Chunying Zhang, Lijuan Yin, Silan Dai, regeneration of root-associated fungal endophytes in Rhododendron passel in subtropic forests of China, Mycorrhiza. 19(2009) 417-423.2 Carroll, G. C, fungal endophytes in stems and leaves From latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont, Ecology. 692 (1988) -9.3 Hawksworth,D. L, T he fungal place of biodiversity magnitude, significance, and conservation, Mycol. Res. 95(1991) 641-655.4 Petrini, 0. Stone, j. Carroll, F. 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